Ukubala kwezinhlobo zemiphasi yezilwane zokunqula ne-ukuhlela kwezinye izindawo zokunqula ngokuphelele.

Isiqhelo Sokubala Kwezinhlobo Zemiphasi Yezilwane Zokunqula: GPM, Impilo, Nobude Bemiphasi

Ukukhetha kahle Ubude bemiphasi yezilwane zokunqula bunyaniselwe kubalulekile ukuthi kubekhona umsindo wamandla, impilo, nokunqula okufanayo. Umphathi oyincinci kungahleli ukugcina kwe-friction loss okuphelele futhi kungabeka impilo phansi kwezilwane zokunqula noma kwezinye izindawo zokunqula, ngakho-ke umphathi oyinkulu kungahleli ukuthengiswa kwezinto nezindlela zokufaka.

Ukubala kwezinhlobo zemiphasi yezilwane zokunqula akuyiyo kuphela ubude bokulinganisa. Ubude bomsindo, impilo, ubude bemiphasi, ubude lwendawo, umsindo, indlela yokunqula, nemiphathi yezinye izindawo yonke iyahluka kubonakalisa ukubhalwa kwezinhlobo zemiphasi.

Le this guide ibhali ukuthini ukuthi i-GPM, i-PSI, ububanzi bepipe, ukungahleli kwe-friction, ukugcina kwezoning, nokufakwa kwe-PVC pipe kusebenza ngokuhambisana xa kubhekwa ububanzi be-irrigation system.

Yini okuphazimulayo ububanzi be-PVC irrigation pipe?

Amathuba amakhulu ayo ngu- ubukhulu be-flow rate, ubukhulu be-pressure, ububanzi be-pipe, nokungahleli kwe-friction .

Ubukhulu be-flow rate bafundiwa ngama-gallons ngomzuzu (GPM), futhi ubukhulu be-pressure bafundiwa ngama-pounds ngasikhathi sesiqondile (PSI). Ubukhulu obudingekayo be-flow buphazimula ukuthi kuzodingeka kubalekwa kanjani amanzi ema-pipe, futhi ubukhulu obavailable be-pressure bubhekisa ukuthi kuzodingeka kungahleli kanjani kusuka kusendaweni yonke.

Ngokufanayo kwe-flow rate, i-pipe enkulu kahle kwenza ukuthi umoya wamanzi udlula ngokushesha okuncane futhi ukungahleli kwe-friction kuncane. Lokhu kuyadingeka kakhulu kuma-pipeline amadala futhi kuma-mainlines athi aya kubaleka amanzi angaphezu kwezinye.

Amathuba we-hydraulic kufanele abhekise i- ububanzi obuyinhloko be-pipe , ngoba ama-pipe anomaqiniso ububanzi abanomaqiniso kunezinye zingabona ububanzi obuyinhloko obahlukeneyo ngokwesibonelo se-thickness yewall ne-schedule yepipe.

Ukufaka isiphakeme esinye, izincazelo zilandelayo zinakubiza ngokupheleleyo ukusiza kwe-Schedule 40 PVC ngokwesibonelo ngama-5 ft/s:

Isayizi Yemboni Yokugcina	Ubude Obunguqondile Bakhiya	Ukuvula Okunguqondile Ngama-5 ft/s
1 inch	1.049 in	13 GPM
1.5 inch	1.610 in	30 GPM
2 inch	2.067 in	52 GPM
3 inch	3.068 in	120 GPM
4 inch	4.026 in	210 GPM

Lezi zizindlela zokubhalwa kwezinye izinto ezihlukahlukene, akuzange zibe yizindlela zokugcina ukuthi ziyisibonelo esiphambili. Ukubala okuphelele kufanele kubhekiswe kwezinye izinto njengezinkinga zokugqibela, izinkampani, izivali, ukuphakama, isifunda sokugcina, nokuthi kubhalwe ngabaphathi bokuphatha.

Ukuthi i-GPM ithintela ubude bendawo yezilwane zokudla izilwane zokudla

Ukuvula kwesikhathi kuyisibonelo esisiseko sokubala kwezilwane zokudla. Isikhathi sokudla kusuka emkhakheni yokudla kungaba kakhulu kunokudla kwezilwane zokudla ezingenani, ngakho-ke ubude bendawo yezilwane zokudla kungahluke kakhulu phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo.

Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kokuthi ubude bepipe bungathintana, uma ubude bepipe buya kubuyela phambili, ukusuka kwezindawo zokuphatha kwamanzi nokufa kwamandla kuyabuyela phambili.

Ngalesikhathi, akukho ubude bepipe bePVC obuyela kuwo wonke umsebenzi wokuphatha amanzi. Ipipe ene-inch ingaba yisifano esihle kumgangatho omdala noma okuncane, ngakho-ke ipipe enenkulu kumele ibe yisifano esihle kumgangatho omde ophatha amanzi kumazone amaningi.

Indlela eyodwa yokwenza ukulula okukhulu kwezindawo ezenzekayo , khetha ubude bepipe obuyela kuqala, emva koko uhlale uhlwembe ukusuka nokufa kwamandla ngokusebenzisa izibalo zokuphatha amanzi.

Ukuthi Kungani Ukusuka Kwamanzi Kubalulekile

Ukusuka kwamanzi kubangela ukufa kwamandla. Ukusuka okuphezulu kuyabangela ukufa okuphezulu kwamandla, okuzimisa upressha okufanele kubekho kwezindawo zokuphatha amanzi ezemva.

Ukusuka okuphezulu kwe 5 ft/s kubalulekile kakhulu njengokuthinta kwesiqhelo sokubala ngokwesibonelo sokugcina amaphipe wezilwane, kodwa akufanele kubhekwe njengokuthinta okuphelele. Isilinganiso esihle siyaphenduka ngokwesicelo, isithi samaphipe, ubukhulu bephresha, isimo sezinhlobo zezindawo, nokuthinta kwezinsiza.

Kulapha kwezilwane zezilwane zezilwane zezilwane zezilwane zezilwane, ukungena kwezilwane kungabhalwa ngokusebenzisa Hazen-Williams noma Darcy-Weisbach isindlela. Isifactor se-Hazen-Williams se-C se-150 sibhalwa kakhulu njengokuthinta okuhle kakhulu kwezilwane zezilwane zezilwane zezilwane.

Ukuxhamla okubalulekile kubalulekile kakhulu: ukuvula okuphezulu + isikhala sesiphambili esincane = ukuvula okuphezulu + ukungena okuphezulu . Ukuvula isikhala sesiphambili kungahlela ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezilwane, ikakhulu emaphakathini amadlinga noma emaphakathini aphakathi kwezilwane ezinkulu.

Ukuthatha kwezilwane nezindawo zokuphakama kuzikhethekile

Ubude bewezi-zilwane kuyaphatha ngqo ukungena kwezilwane. Njengoba izilwane zihamba ngaphansi kwezilwane, ukungena kuyavula phakathi kwezilwane. Isikhala esihle kakhulu kwezilwane ezingaphansi kungaba yisikhala esingasemthethweni kwezilwane ezingaphezulu kakhulu ekuthinteni ukuvula okufanayo.

Kufuna nokubona ukuphakama kwezindawo. Uma amanzi ayogcina ngaphezulu, kudingeka ukuthi kunezinkinga eziningi, okukhula ukunciphisa upressha phansi. Amaphakathi aphakamayo angakhula upressha wokusebenza kwaye kungadingeki ukuthi kwenziwe ukulungisa upressha.

Ngokuba izindawo zinezinkinga eziningi zokuphakama, ukuzima kwamaphipe kufanele kube nenzinzo zombili ukungcoliswa kwezindlela zokusebenza nezinkinga zokuphakama kunakho ukubaza ngokwesikhombisa se-GPM esingafanele.

Ukuzima kwezimphakathi ngokulingana nokuzima kwezindlela zokusebenza

Izisikhwama zesifundo sezindawo ziyasebenza ngokujulile ngamaphakathi, amaphakathi amancane, nezindlela zokusebenza, futhi umunye umphakathi ungadingeka ukuthi unqamba ukuthi usebenze ngokulingana nokuthi kunezinhlobo zezimpahla.

U umphakathi uyathumela amanzi kusukela emkhosini kuizindawo zokusebenza kanye nokuthi uyasebenza ngokulingana nokuthi kunezinhlobo zezimpahla ezingaphezulu. I- mphakathi omncane uyathumela amanzi kuzindawo zokusebenza zombili, futhi i- izingxenye eziseceleni iyathumela amanzi kuma-sprinkler, ama-drip lines, noma izinkampani zokuhlanza.

Ngoba iziflow zabo zihlukana, lezi ziqembu azikweli ukusebenzisa ngokuzenzakalelayo isize same pipe. Umunye umqembu kufanele uyisize ngokufanayo nokuthi iflow yayo yezifundo ne-pressure loss eyavunyelwe. iflow yezifundo ne-pressure loss eyavunyelwe .

Ukuthi Ukugcina Izinqambu Kuyaphakanyisa Isizing Yama-pipe

Ukugcina izinqambu kungakhula ukuthi ukubhala kwesiflow okuphezulu futhi kungafacile ukuphatha i-hydraulics.

Isibonelo, uma isiprojekthi sokuhlanza sikhuluma ngokuthi sifuna i-60 GPM xa zonke izindawo zisebenza ngokuhlanganisa, ukugcina kuma-six 10-GPM zones kusho ukuthi ama-pipe angaphansi kungenzeka ukusiza ngokuthi asizele ngokufanayo nokuthi iflow yeqembu elisebenza kune-ngokuthi iflow yezifundo zonke ezithatheka.

Kodwa ukugcina izinqambu akusho ukuthi konke ama-pipe angashintshwa isize. I-mainline iba yilokho esidinga ukuthi iphinde iflow ezingenwa ngamazinqambu ayo, futhi ukuphatha kwe-pressure loss, ukuphakama, ama-valve, nezimo zokusebenza kufanele kubhekwe.

Ukugcina okuhle kungasiza ekubaleni isilinganiso se-pipe, isilinganiso se-pump, ubukhanya be-pressure, nokuhlanza okulinganayo .

Ukulinganisa ama-pipe we-sprinkler kunye ne-drip irrigation

Indlela yokuhlanza ibandakanya ukubhala kwezinhamba.

Izinhlangano zokuhlanza ziyadinga izinkinga eziningi zokusebenza ne-umkhawulo wokusebenza okuningi ngalokho. Izinhamba kufanele zibe nesifunda sokusebenza esingcono kuzinhlangano zokuhlanza zezinkundla zokusebenza.

Izinhlangano zokuhlanza ngokujwayelekile zisebenza ngaphansi kwesifunda nokumkhawulo, kodwa ukulingana kwezinkinga kuyisisekelo sokuthi isifunda sikhawulekile ngokuphelele ngoba izinkinga zokusebenza zinokuthinta ukukhawula kwezinhlangano.

Ngakho ke, izinhlangano zokuhlanza nezinhlangano zokuhlanza kufanele zibhalekwe ngokungafani kwezindlela zokubhala. Isilinganiso sesihlangoleshi sezinhamba sibhekana ngokukhawula kwezinhlangano, isifunda esidingekayo, ubude bezinhamba, ubude lwesikhupha, nezinhlangano zokuhlanza .

Ukubala ukukhawula kwezinhamba zokuhlanza ze-PVC

Ukukhawula kuyisiphephelo esisodwa kwe- Ukubhala kwezinhamba zokuhlanza ze-PVC ngoba kuyiphakade ukuthi isifunda sikhawulekile ngokuphelele xa umfula ushona ngendlela yezinhamba.

I-equation yeHazen-Williams iyalisebenziswa kakhulu ukubala ukuvulwa kwezilwane zomfula emapipeni e-PVC apho kuyabizwa ukuthi amaphiphe asebenzisa impilo. Ukubala kuyaphatha ukuvulwa, ubude be-diameter phakathi, ubude bephiphe, nokuchaza kweHazen-Williams. Amavalve, amaphiphe amaningi, nokuphakama kwezindawo zokusebenza kuzokuthinta iphresha yokuqeda eyatholakala kwezilwane zokufutha.

Umsebenzi wokukhetha isikhondlo esihle ngokwempilo uyisikhondlo esilandelayo:

Fumana i-GPM → Khetha isikhondlo sesiphambano sephiphe → Bala ukungena kwemiphumela → Yenza ukuthi amaphiphe amaningi namavalve kusenziwe → Yenza ukuthi ukuphakama kwenziwe → Qiniseka iphresha yasezantsi

Uma iphresha ayikho kakhulu kwezilwane zokugcina noma kwezilwane zokuhlanza, izindlela zokuzimisa ziyashiyekile ukuthi ukuhlanganisa isikhondlo sephiphe, ukuncamisa ukuvulwa kwezindawo, ukuphakama kwezilwane, ukuguqula isikhondlo, noma ukudala izindawo eziningi.

Isikhondlo 40 vs. Isikhondlo 80 yePVC yokufutha

Isikhondlo sephiphe nesikhondlo sephiphe siyizinto ezimbili ezingafani.

I-Schedule 40 ne i-Schedule 80 PVC zinabonisa ubude bezinkambo ezahlukene. Ngokufanayo kokubhala kwezibalo, i-Schedule 80 isebenza ngokubhala okuncane kakhulu kwesibhakabhaka ngokuba yinkambo eyinkulu. Lokhu kungahlela ukuthi umsindo wokugcina ne-ukuthwasa kwezinye izinto.

I-Schedule 40 ingaba yisifundo sokusebenza uma ubukhulu bekho bokuphatha kanye nobukhulu bakho bokuzimela bafana nokuthinteka kwezinsiza. I-Schedule 80 ingaba yisifundo sokusebenza lapha kusenziwa ukuthi kufuneka kubhekwe ubukhulu obukhulu kwezinsiza noma ubukhulu obukhulu bokuzimela.

Kodwa, i-Schedule 80 ayisifundo sokusebenza ngokuzenzakaleyo kwezinsiza. Ukukhetha kufanele kube ngezinye izinto zokubheka ubukhulu bekho bokusebenza, ubukhulu bekho bokuthwasa, ubuhlanzela, imizamo yokufaka, izistanda eziphathelene, imali, nokusebenza kwezinsiza .

Yilapho yonke uhlale uhlale uqaphele ubukhulu bekho bokusebenza noma ubuhlanzela bekho bokusebenza kwezinsiza zokufaka ngokwesibhakabhaka esithile, kodwa ungasebenzisi i-Schedule ngokwesibhakabhaka kuphela.

Ukuthi ubuhlanzela kuyakwenza kanjani ukubhala kwezinsiza kwe-PVC

Ukuhlanza kwe-PVC kufika emphakathini wokusebenza kuhlanza ngokupheleleyo xa isikhathi sokusebenza siphakanyiswa. Ngakho-ke, ukulinganisa kwezinqumo zokusebenza eziqinisekisiwe ku-sikhathi sesifundo esisodwa asingahlanganiswa ngokuzenzela ukuthi yilokho okuvumelekile ukusebenza kusikhathi esiphakanyisiwe.

Izinhlangano zokuhlanza ezihlukaniswe kusikhathi esiphakanyisiwe noma kusikhathi sesamanzi esiphakanyisiwe kufanele zibone isikhathi xa zilinganisa ukulinganisa kwezinqumo zokusebenza.

Isikhathi esisodwa, ukuphelela kwesikhathi sokusebenza, ukuphelela kwesikhathi sokugcina, ukulinganisa kwezinhlangano, nokubonakala kwesikhathi sokufaka kufanele kubonakaliswa ngokugcina xa kufakwa izinhlangano.

Umsebenzi wokulinganisa izinhlangano zokuhlanza ze-PVC

Umsebenzi wokulinganisa owenziwe ngokupheleleyo uqale ngamaphuzu amangalisayo okusebenza kwezinhlangano zokuhlanza.

Okokuqala, fumana ukulinganisa kwezinhlangano ngama-GPM . Kuma-sprinkler, bala ukulinganisa kwezinhlangano zokuhlanza ezisebenzayo kusigaba esifanayo. Kuma-drip, bala ukulinganisa kwezinhlangano zokuhlanza ezidingekayo ngamadrip line noma ngamadripper.

Okwesibili, fumana ukuphelela okutholakala kusisimo sesamanzi futhi ubunzima obutinga kakhulu ngokufanele ngokusebenzisa izinkampani zokuhlanza.

Emva koko bheka ubude bewayini, izinguquko zokuphakama, izihlangothi, izivali, izifiltela, nezinye izinto ezithile ezinokwenza ubunzima obungapheli.

Khetha ubude bewayini obuyisisekelo futhi bala ubunzima obubonakalayo bokugqibela. Ekugcineni, qinisekisa ubunzima obubonakalayo ekuphakameni okwengeziwe ngokwezinhlongonono zokuhlaza.

Uma ubunzima bubizwa, ukongeza ubude bewayini yisibonelo esinye. Ukunciphisa umsindo wendawo, ukuguqula indlela yokubeka, ukuphakama kwewayini, noma ukudala indawo eyodwa engaphansi kwezinye kungabangela ukuthi isistimu isebenze kahle.

Izimbalwa zokukhetha ubude bewayini yasePVC yokuhlaza

Isibonelo esikhulu siyokukhetha ubude bewayini kuphela ngokwesikrini sesipumpu. Umshindo wokuhlaza owenzelwa ngendawo ngayinye ungaba mncane kune-umshindo wokwesipumpu okwengaphezulu.

Ukuzingqina ubude bewayini yisibonelo esinye. Ubude obuyisisekelo kusuka emlandweni omncane kungabangela ubunzima obungaphezulu kusuka emlandweni omkhulu.

Ukuguqula kwezinsizakalo zokuphakama kuyisisekelo esibalulekile. Ukuphakama kakhulu kungabeka ubukhulu obungafanele, ngakho-ke izinsizakalo zokusuka kuzo zingaba yinkimbinkimbi yokubeka ubukhulu obungafanele.

Okwesibili, ubude bekhanda lokugcina nokunombolo ye-Schedule ayikwenzeki njengamaphuzu amabili okulungisa isikhundla. Ubude bekhanda lokugcina, ubukhulu obubalulekile, ubunzima bezinsizakalo, nokuthi ukuthi kufanele kube yini ngokwesifundo sokuhlelwa kufanele kubekwe kwi-calculations zokugcina.

Ukulinganisa i-PVC Irrigation Pipe: Izindlela ezibalulekile

Okuphelele Ubude bemiphasi yezilwane zokunqula kuyiphakade kubhekene nezinkinga zokugcina, ubukhulu, ubude bekhanda, ukugcina kwe-friction, nokuhlukaniswa kwesikhundla.

Izikhanda ezenzima kakhulu zingabeka ubude bekhanda obuncane futhi zingabeka ukugcina kwe-friction, futhi ziyasebenza kahle kuma-runs emide noma kuma-mainlines ophakeme kakhulu. Kodwa, ukulinganisa kakhulu kungabeka ubude bekhanda nobunzima bokufaka.

Kukulungisa okwanqoba, i-GPM ne-velocity zinokubiza indlela yokuvula. Ukulungisa okugcina kufanele kubhekene nezinsizakalo zokugcina, ukuphakama, izifittings, izivalve, indlela yokusebenzisa i-irrigation, ukwahlukaniswa, ubunzima bezinsizakalo, nokubheka ubukhulu obufanele ekuseni.

Izilungiselelo zezibhamu zokusebenzisa ubude bezibhamu zokugcina nokubona kwezindlela zokusebenza zinakwenzela ukuthi iziphumo zibe nzima kunezilungiselelo zezibhamu zokugcina zokubhalwa ngokujwayelekile.

Isiphetho

Ngokwemthetho Ukubhala kwezinhamba zokuhlanza ze-PVC kusiza ukuthi ukuthunywa kwamanzi kube nzima, ukuthi uphethwe lwezibhamu libe lomthetho, nokuthi ukuthunywa kwezibhamu kubheke isikhathi esifanayo. Ubude bezibhamu akufanele kubhekwa kuphela ngokubhalwa kwezibhamu zokugcina. Ukuthunywa, uphethwe, ubude bezibhamu, ubude bezibhamu zokugcina, ubude bezibhamu, ukuthinteka kwezibhamu, ukuthunywa kwezibhamu, nokuthunywa kwezibhamu zonke zikuthinta ukukhetha okuphelele.

Ukubhalwa kwezibhamu zokugcina nokuthunywa kungasiza ekubhekweni kokuqala, kodwa ukukhetha okuphelele kwezibhamu kufanele kubhekwa ngokuzenzakalela ngokubhalwa kwezibhamu zokugcina ngokubona kwezindlela zokusebenza.

Ngokuhambisana kwebhabhamu yezibhamu nezinkinga zokusebenza, abadlayizwe bakuthunywa bangeke bakhetha izibhamu ezinkulu kunezidinga, bangeke bakhula ukuthinteka kwezibhamu, futhi bangeke babuyeke izibhamu zokuthunywa ezinzima.

Imibuzo eyadluliselwe ngokukhetha kwezibhamu zezibhamu zezibhamu zezibhamu zezibhamu

Yini ubude bezibhamu zezibhamu ozidinga ukuthunywa?

Ukubala okudingekayo kuyiphendula ukusuka kwe-flow rate, iphresha eliyatholakala, ubude bepipe, ubude, indlela yokuhlanza, nokuphulukana okuvumelekile kwe-friction loss. Isibalo se-2-inch Schedule 40 PVC pipe, umzekelo, uyinikeza i-diameter yasemphakathini engu-2.067 inches futhi iyaphakisha ngaproximately 52 GPM ngaproximately 5 ft/s ngemikhosi yezindlela zokusebenza eziqondiswayo. Ukubala okugcwele kufanele kube yilokho okubonisa ukuthi kuyisebenza ngokwesifundo.

I-1-inch PVC irrigation pipe iyaphakisha ngamazinga angapi ama-GPM?

I-1-inch Schedule 40 PVC pipe iyinikeza i-diameter yasemphakathini engu-1.049 inches. Ngaproximately 5 ft/s, i-flow yakhe yethiyorithikali iyingu-13 GPM. I-flow yezindawo zokusebenza yasezinsukwini iyiphendula ubude bepipe, izinkinga zephesha, nokuphulukana okuvumelekile kwe-friction loss.

Kungani i-PVC pipe enkulu kungcono kwe-irrigation?

Akunakho. Ipipe enkulu inokunciphisa i-velocity ne-friction loss, kodwa nangokuthi inokongeza izindleko zematerial nezindleko zokufaka. Isifundamenthe kukuthi sikhethwe i-diameter eyenza ukuthi iflow ne-pressure ezidingekayo zibe khona ngaphandle kokukhetha okungafanele.

Kufanele amainlines ase-irrigation abe enkulu kune-laterals?

Kungen kabili. Amaphetha amakhulu ayabhalwa ngamandla okukhula kwezinye izihlangothi, ngakho ke ayabhalwa ngamandla okukhula okuningi. Ukuziphatha kwendawo yokuqala kufanele kubhekwe ngokwesikhundla sokukhula, ubude bokuphakama, ubude bokuphakama, imithwalo yezindawo, nokuthenga kwezindawo zokukhula.

IsiSheduli 40 noma isiSheduli 80 sibonakalisa kangakanani ukusika?

Akukho kubonakalisa kangakanani. IsiSheduli 40 singase sibonakalisa uma imithwalo yayo yokukhula nezinye izinto ziyisisekelo, futhi isiSheduli 80 singase sibonakalisa uma kufuneka ukukhula okuphezulu noma kunezinkinga eziningi. Ukuhlalutya kokugcina kufanele kubhekwe ngokwesikhundla sokukhula, isikhundla sokuphakama, izimo zokufaka, umsindo, nokuthenga kwezindawo zokukhula.