Ukulinganisa Amastandare, Ukuphakama, Nemiphumo Yama-PVC-U, PVC-UH, PVC-M, ne-PVC-O NO.1 Ukwakhiwa Kwamastandare Amaprodukthi

Ukulinganisa kwezindlela zokusebenza, ukwakha, nokubona kwezinhlangano ze-PVC-U, PVC-UH, PVC-M, ne-PVC-O

NO.1 Ukufundwa Kwemibhalo Yezinhlangano

Izinhlangano ze-PVC-U, PVC-UH, PVC-M, ne-PVC-O zokunika amanzi ziyizinhlangano zezinkolo zepolyvinyl chloride ezingaphansi kokuphakamisa. Zisebenzisa kakhulu ekuthinteni kwezinhlangano zokugcina amanzi ngokuphakama, futhi ziyasebenzisa kwezinhlangano zokugcina amanzi ezindaweni ezingaphansi kokuphakama apho isikhathi semanzi asifana noma kude kwe-45 °C, futhi ziyasebenzisa kwezindaweni ezinjalo noma kwezinhlangano zokugcina amanzi. Imininingwane yezinhlangano zokusebenza kwezinhlangano ezine ziboniswa kwiThafulu 1.

INOMBA 2 Izinqakotho zezindikimiso zokusebenza kwezinkqubo

Umbhalo wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wokugcina wok......

2.1 Izinqakotho zezinkqubo zokugcina

Kwizikhombisa zokunika amanzi e-PVC eChayina, izikhombisa ze-PVC-UH zisondela kwezimali zokusebenza nezimali zokuphepha kwezikhombisa zokunika amanzi e-PVC e-Amerika AWWA C900, njengoko kubonisiwe kuThabuli 2. Okwangoku, akukho nokuthi kusobala ukuthi kunezimali zokusebenza kwezikhombisa zokunika amanzi e-PVC ezinye. Lezi zimali zihlola kahle ukukhetha izinkambo zokwenza izikhombisa nezifomula futhi zihlola ubukhulu.

Thabuli 2: Izimali Zokusebenza Nezokuphepha Kwezikhombisa Ze-PVC Ezisondela Kwezikhombisa Ze-PVC-UH Zokunika Amanzi

2.2 Izidingo zokuhlukanisa izingxube eziyinhlanganisela

Amapayipi okucindezela e-PVC aklanyelwe ukuphila iminyaka engu-50. Izingxube eziyinhlanganisela zamapayipi kufanele zihlolwe ngokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwe-ISO 9080 noma i-GB/T 18252, okungukuthi, ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-hydrostatic isikhathi eside kwezingxu Izidingo zokuhlukanisa izingxube ze-PVC-U, i-PVC-UH, i-PVC-M, ne-PVC-O zamapayipi okuhambisa amanzi ziboniswe kuThebula 3.

Ithebula 3 Izidingo zokuhlunga zezingxube eziyinhlanganisela zamapayipi okuphakela amanzi e-PVC

Ku-ISO 1452-1:2009, izinkulungwane zizihlukaniswe. Ngokwesifunda sokuphepha kwezinkinga zokuphepha kwezinkinga, i-MRS yezinkinga ze-PVC zemithambo ishweleka njengoba yi-25 MPa, okusho ukuthi isigaba sezinga lezinkinga siyi-PVC-U 250. Isistandard saseNingizimu yezinkinga ze-PVC-U, GB/T 10002.1-2006, asisho isigaba sokuphepha kwezinkinga zokubhakha imithambo. Imithambo yokunika amanzi ye-PVC-UH ishweleka isigaba sokuphepha sokuqondwa kwezinkinga sokubhakha ngokuthi i-MRS ≥ 25 MPa. I-MRS yezinkinga ze-PVC-M iyisigaba sokuphepha sokuqondwa kwezinkinga sokubhakha ≥ 24.5 MPa.

I-MRS yezinkinga ze-PVC-O eshwelekwa ku-ISO isihlukaniswe ku-mibili emibili: 31.5, 35.5, 40, 45, ne-50 MPa, esihlanganisa nokufakwa kwezinkinga zokubhakha zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokubhakha zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwezinkinga zok......

2.3 Izinkinga Zokukhetha Izinga Lokuphepha Kwezinkinga Ezinkulu Kwezinkinga Zokubhakha

Ifomula yamapiphi okukhipha amanzi yasePVC iyagcinwa ngokuphakanyiswa kwePVC resin, amasitabilayizaya, amalubrikhanti angaphakathi neyangaphandle, amafilayaza, amakholora, amadephtu wokugcina ukuthi amapiphi ayihlabele, amasayizi wokusebenza, njll., ngokulingana kwezilinganiso. Ukukhetha nokulingana kwamathuba asezinye akhethwe kuyagcinwa kakhulu ekubeni kuyisibonelo nesisekelo samapiphi.

Ukusebenzisa amapayipi aye-PVC ayenika izidingo ezikhulu ngokwesibonelo sokufolofolo kwe-PVC resin. Kukusebenziswa kahle i-SG-5 type suspension PVC resin ekupheleni kwempilo. Imithambo yokuvela i-PVC iyahlukahlukana ku-methylene method ne-calcium carbide method. I-methylene method isukuma i-ethylene kusuka kwe-petroleum, isenza i-chlorine gas isihlanganise no-ethylene ngokwesibonelo sokuhlanganisa ukuvela i-vinyl chloride monomer, okungaba yisibonelo sokubambisana ukuvela i-polyvinyl chloride resin. Abasemthwakazi ababhekene nalo bakhuluma ku-Oxy Vinyl LP (US), Sinopec Qilu Petrochemical Company, Tianjin LG Dagu Chemical Co., Ltd., njll. I-calcium carbide method isebenzisa kahle eNingizimu Afrika. Isebenzisa i-calcium carbide (calcium carbide) ukuvela i-acetylene xa isihlwa nesibhakabhaka, isenza i-acetylene isihlanganise no-hydrogen chloride ukuvela i-vinyl chloride monomer, emva koko isenza i-polyvinyl chloride resin ngokwesibonelo sokubambisana.

I-PVC yisilungiselelo esinye sesilungiselelo esingasemthwakathini esingasemthwakathini kakhulu embonweni yezilungiselelo kanye nesikhundla sokuphatha ukuthi sibonakaliswe ngokukhula. Amasitabilayizha wokugcina ukuthi ayizindawo zokusebenza zokugcina ukuthi ayizindawo zokusebenza zokugcina ukuthi ayizindawo zokusebenza zokugcina ukuthi ayizindawo zokusebenza zokugcina ukuthi ayizindawo zokusebenza zokugcina ukuthi ayizindawo zokusebenza zokugcina ukuthi ayizindawo zokusebenza zokugcina ukuthi ayizindawo zokusebenza zokugcina ukuthi ayizindawo zokusebenza zokugcina ukuthi ayizindawo zokusebenza zokugcina ukuthi ayizindawo zokusebenza zokugcina ukuthi ayizindawo zokusebenza zokugcina ukuthi ayizindawo zokusebenza zokugcina ukuthi ayizindawo zokusebenza zokugcina ukuthi ayizindawo zokusebenza zokugcina ukuthi ayizindawo zokusebenza zokugcina ukuthi ayizindawo zokusebenza zokugcina ukuthi ayizindawo zokusebenza zokugcina ukuthi ayizindawo zokusebenza zokugcina ukuthi ayizindawo zokusebenza zokugcina ukuthi ayizindawo zokusebenza zokugcina ukuthi ayizindawo zokusebenza zokugcina ukuthi ayizindawo zokusebenza zokugcina ukuthi ayizindawo zokusebenza zokugcina ukuthi ayizindawo zokusebenza zokugcina ukuthi ayizindawo zokusebenza zokugcina ukuthi ayizindawo zokusebenza zokugcina ukuthi ayizindawo zokusebenza zokugcina ukuthi ayiz......

Kuprosesing kwezinhlanga ze-PVC, izilubrikathi zangaphakathi nezangaphandle ziyadingeka kakhulu. Izilubrikathi eziphakathi zokusebenza ziyizinhlanga zezinkole zika-stearic, izinhlanga zezinkole zika-paraffin, izinhlanga zezinkole zika-polyethylene wax, nokuthi i-calcium stearate inomthelela wokuvimbela futhi. Isilinganiso sezilubrikathi kufanele sitholwe ngokwembono yezinkampani nezinhlanga zokufaka umkhakha. Isidingo esikhundleni kukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi isibonelo sokugcina sisebenza kahle, ukuze isilinganiso sesikhathi sokuguqulwa kwesikhathi nesiphumo sezinkimba zezinhlanga zisigcine kahle.

Ngokwesiqondiso sesithuthi, amafiller angu-calcium carbonate kungaziswa kubhokwe lwe-PVC. Izinqunto zokusebenza zangu-calcium carbonate ziyizindlela zokuphakamisa ubukhulu bokubhokwe, ukunciphisa isivinini sokushintsha, nokunciphisa izindlela zokufinyelela. Ukuziswa kwe-calcium carbonate kunganciphisa ubukhulu bokubhokwe futhi kungabeka kubhokwe kubhekhile. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ukulinganiswe kahle ukulinganisa kwamafiller angu-calcium carbonate ekuproduceni kobhokwe lwe-PVC. I-calcium carbonate iyahlukwa ngokuvamile ku-calcium carbonate enkulu ne-calcium carbonate encane. Umixholo wokugcina we-calcium carbonate enkulu unemifanekiso emihle yokuqonda futhi uyasebenza kahle kumisebenzi yokuhlanganisa ukuzisa nokuthumela, ikakhulu kumisebenzi yokuthumela ngomoya; umixholo wokugcina we-calcium carbonate encane unemifanekiso emibi kakhulu yokuqonda futhi unendawo encane, kodwa akakhi kuchaza kakhulu umixholo wokugcina wokuthumela amanzi uma kuziswa kancane.

Umbala wezinhlanga ze-PVC ziyisikhathi sobude ziyisigray noma siblue. Amabala amanji okusebenzisa kakhulu ayinelikhi yezinkambo zika-titanium dioxide, izinkambo zika-carbon black, nezinkambo zika-phthalocyanine blue. Ngokujulile, inombolo yezinkambo eziyadonselwa kwezinhlanga ziyincane, futhi kufanele zibe nenkambo yemfushane yobuhlungu nobukhona bokuphatha kwezinsuku.

Amasimbi okubonakalisa ukuthi amasimbi okuphatha kanye nezinkambo zokuphatha kuyasebenza kuvumela ukuthi izinhlanga ze-PVC zibe nenkambo yobuhlungu nobukhona bokuphatha kusukela ekuphatheni.

2.4 Imiqondo Yokuqondisa Ukuthi Kufanele Kwenziwe Njani Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenziwe Ukuthi Kwenzi......

Kwakho kubonakala ku-2.1 Imiphumela Yokufuna Yezinkulungwane Zokudlula Ne-2.2 Imiphumela Yokugradha Yezinkulungwane Zokudlula ukuthi imiphumela yezinkulungwane zokudlula zemithambo emine ayizinye. Ngakho-ke, kunezinguquko eziphakathi kwesikhombisa sokudlula nezindlela zokubhala izinto zemithambo emine. Ukubona izimpendulo zokudlula esikhombisweni, bheka iTabeli 4. Ngokuba kunezinguquko zokudlula kwezinto zokudlula, kunezinguquko ezinye kwezindikimini zokudlula, okuzobhalwa ngokuchaza kabanzi kuSekshini 5 senkcazelo leyi.

ITabeli 4: Imiphumela Yokudlula Yemithambo Emine Yemithambo Yokuqasha Amanzi E-PVC

INOMBA 3 Inhloko Yokuvumela Ukuhluka Kwemithombo Nokuthintana Kwezindawo Zangaphandle

3.1 Inhloko Yokuvumela Ukuhluka Kwemithombo Yezinhloko

Ukuthintana okuphelele kwezinhloko zokuhluka:

σₛ = MRS ÷ C (1)

Phakathi kwe: σₛ — Ukuhlanganisa kwezinkinga zokusebenza kwezinhlobo zemithambo yezinye, MPa MRS — Ukuhlanganisa okuncelwa kakhulu kwezinhlobo zemithambo, MPa C — Isiphumo sokusebenza (ukuhlanganisa) esikhundleni sokusebenza

Izinhlobo zemithambo yase-PVC zihlanganiswe ukuze zisebenze ngeminyaka emi-50. Uma kusebenzisa amanzi ngama-20 °C, izimali ezinkulu ezivumelekileyo zokuhlanganisa kwezinhlobo zemithambo yase-PVC yezindawo zokuphatha amanzi zibonisiwe kuThabuli 5. Iphresha yekhalkhuleni (iphresha yokuhlanganisa) nokusebenza kwe-phresha kusukela kuminyaka emi-50 kubhalwa ngokulinganisa (2) nokulinganisa (3) ngokulandelana.

Thabuli 5: Izimali Ezinkulu Ezivumelekileyo Zokuhlanganisa Kwezinhlobo Zemithambo Yase-PVC Yezindawo

Qaphela: Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinkampani zokusebenzisa i-PVC-O, okungakwaziwa ukubhekana nezindlela zokuphatha izinhlobo zezinkampani zokusebenzisa i-PVC-O; kuma-grade 400 no-450 ngokujwayelekile, isiphumo sokusebenza kwesikhathi eside (C) sibizwa ngokuthi 1.6.

Ukuqondisa ukuphakanyiswa (ukuphakanyiswa kokubhalwa) kwezinhlobo zokusebenzisa:

P = σₛ × eₙ ÷ dₙ (2)

Lapho: P — Ukuphakanyiswa kwezinhlobo zokusebenzisa (ukuphakanyiswa kokubhalwa), MPa σₛ — Ukuphakanyiswa kokubhalwa kwezinhlobo zokuphakanyiswa, MPa dₙ — Isilinganiso sokuphakanyiswa kwezinhlobo zokusebenzisa, mm eₙ — Isilinganiso sokuphakanyiswa kwezinhlobo zokusebenzisa, mm

Ngokulandela i-CJJ 101-2016 "Isivumelwano Sokusebenza Kwemithombo Yezinsila Zokusebenzisa Iplastiki Ngaphansi Kwemhlaba" 4.1.7, isilinganiso sokuphakanyiswa kokubhalwa kwezinhlobo zokusebenzisa sifanana ne-1.5 kwezilinganiso zokusebenza kwezinhlobo zokusebenzisa, kepha:

P = 1.5 × Pwk (3)

Lapho: Pwk — Ukuphakanyiswa kwezinhlobo zokusebenzisa, MPa

Kungabonakala ukuthi isiphumo sokusebenza kwesikhathi eside (ukuphakanyiswa kokubhalwa) kwezinhlobo zokusebenzisa ze-PVC-UH kubi kangaka kwezinhlobo zokusebenzisa ze-PVC-M no-PVC-O, kepha, kunezimfihlo eziningi zokuvikela ngokuphakade.

3.2 Ukuhlanza Kwamaphathi Kwezinkinga Zokuphepha

Ngokuchaza kwe-ring stiffness ku-2.4.2 kwe-GB/T 19278-2018, i-ring stiffness inehlanganiso lesibhili esikhulu nesitha sobude lwesikhumba. Ifomula yokuqala yokubala i-ring stiffness (S) yilokho:

S = 0.0186 × E × (eₙ / dₙ)³ (4)

Lapho:S — i-Ring stiffness, kN/m²E — i-Modulus yokuqonda kwesikhumba sesiphelo, okuchazwa njengoba yi-3000 MPa kwezikhumba zama-PVC kuspecificationdₙ — i-Diameter yamaphakade yesikhumba, mmeₙ — i-Thickness yamaphakade yesikhumba, mm

Kuboneka ukuthi kuzinyathelo eziphakathi zokugcina, uma ubude bezinyathelo zokugcina ziyofanana, ukuthi ukungahleli kwezinyathelo zokugcina kuyakhulu kakhulu, futhi ukuthi ukuphatha kwezinyathelo zokugcina ngokwesibonelo sokugcina kuyakhulu kakhulu. Ukuchazwa kokulinganisa ukungahleli kwezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo ezine ziyaboniswa kuThafula 6 (ukusebenzisa izinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo zokugcina zezinyathelo......

Thafula 6 Ukulinganisa Ukungahleli Kwezinyathelo Zokugcina Zezinyathelo Ezine

Uma kulinganiswa ngokungahleli kwezinyathelo zokugcina, izinyathelo zokugcina ze-PVC-M neze-PVC-O zinomthwalo wokugcina okuphakeme kakhulu. Ngokuthi ukuthenga kwemithambo yekhuluma kuyakhulu kakhulu, nokuthi ukuthenga kwemithambo yekhuluma kuyakhulu kakhulu, ukuthenga kwemithambo yekhuluma kuyakhulu kakhulu kunezinyathelo zokugcina ze-PVC-U neze-PVC-UH.

IMFANO YOKU-4 YAMABIKISHO OKUHLELWA KULENDLELA

4.1 Amaphipe Okukhanya Kwamanzi AmaPVC-U NasePVC-UH

Kukho izinguquko ezithile kwezindlela zokubala ukusebenza kwezilayini ze-PVC-U esizwenzelwe ngamabizo eNingizimu Afrika nezilayini esizwenzelwe ngamabizo ase-ISO 1452-2. Izidingo zokuphatha imithwalo yamandla zihlukile, futhi izidingo zokuphatha ukuphefumula kuhlelwe kahle, ubusuku bezibiza ngokuthi isifundo sokuphefumula ngokugcina (TIR) kufanele kube ≤ 5%, okuyisikhundla sokunquma kakhulu kwesifunda sokuphatha ukuphefumula kungaphansi kwesifunda sokuphatha ukuphefumula sase-ISO esikhiywa ngokuthi TIR ≤ 10%. Izilayini ze-PVC-UH zihlelwe ngokulandela amabizo ase-ISO kwezilayini ze-PVC-U zokunika amanzi, futhi amabizo aseMelika kwezilayini ze-PVC zokunika amanzi. Izidingo zokubala ukusebenza kwezilayini zokubhalwa phakathi kwezifundo zokuhlukanisa futhi ukusebenza kwezilayini zokuphatha amandla amashumi, okuyisikhundla sokubalwa kwezilayini ngalinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidingo zokuphatha ukuphefumula ziyinkulu kunezilingo zase-ISO, futhi izidingo zokuphatha ukuphefumula ngokugcina zihlukile kuzo zase-ISO ngokuthi TIR kufanele kube ≤ 5%. Ukulinganisa izindlela zokubala ukusebenza phakathi kwezilayini zaseNingizimu Afrika ze-PVC-U zokunika amanzi nezilayini ze-PVC-UH zokunika amanzi zibonisiwe kuThafula 7.

Ithabuli 7 Ukuchazi Kwezindlela Zokusebenza Phakathi Kwezihluzi Zokunika Amanzi Ze-PVC-U Nezihluzi Zokunika Amanzi Ze-PVC-UH

Ngokwesiqhelo sekhombe le-ISO 1452-1:2009 esibonisa i-PVC-U 250 (njengoko kuboniswa kuMfanekiso 1), kuboneka ukuthi ngokuphakanyiswa kwemilingo yezikhathi ezide zokuphakanyiswa kwezilayini ezingaqondi ukuthi zingaphakanyiswa ngokuphakanyiswa kwezikhathi ezide, iziphakanyiselo zokuphakanyiswa kwezikhathi ezincane ziyabonwa kusiqhelo sesikhathi. Isiphakanyiselo sokuphakanyiswa kwezikhathi ezincane kusiqhelo sesikhathi sika-20 °C nokuhlanganisa ne-1 h si-42 MPa, futhi isiphakanyiselo sokuphakanyiswa kwezikhathi ezide kusiqhelo sesikhathi sika-60 °C nokuhlanganisa ne-1000 h si-10 MPa. Kubonwa kusitabhu 7 ukuthi izilayini ze-PVC-UH zifakelwa ngokuphakanyiswa kwezikhathi ezide zokuphakanyiswa kwezilayini ze-PVC-U 250, kodwa izilayini ze-PVC-U esizishicilelwe ngamakhombe amahle aseNingizimu Afrika zingaphansi kweziphakanyiselo zokuphakanyiswa kwezikhathi ezincane zokuphakanyiswa kwezilayini ze-PVC-U (20 °C, 1 h, isiphakanyiselo sokuphakanyiswa kwezikhathi ezincane si-38 MPa), futhi azikwazi ukufakela isiphakanyiselo sokuphakanyiswa kwezikhathi ezide (MRS ≥ 25 MPa) esizishicilelwe ngamakhombe amahle aseNingizimu Afrika.

4.2 Izilayini zesithunzi se-PVC-M

Ithabuli 8 ishika izimali yokusebenza esizenzakalelayo zezilayini zokunika amanzi ze-PVC-M. Kukwaziwa ukuthi iziprodukthi ze-PVC-M zinamandla okuhambisana nezinkinga zokuphefumula, ukuzimela kwezilayini ezinamaphuzu, nokuthintana kwe-C-ring. Kulawo izilayini eziphakathi kwe-dn ≥ 110 mm, kusobala ukuzimela kwezilayini ngokushisa kakhulu emanzini e-23 °C nase-20 m, okuyisikhundla esikhulu sokubaluleka kokuphefumula nokuthintana kwezilayini. Izilayini ezihlalwa ngokulandela isivumelwano sesiZwe sokuproduktha i-PVC-M zinamandla okuthintana nokuphefumula.

Izimali Yokusebenza Zethabuli 8 Zezilayini Zokunika Amanzi Ze-PVC-M (GB/T 32018.1-2015)

Ngaphandle kwezidingo ephakeme kokuqinisa ukuthi zingabhekisekile kubukhona nokuthi zingabhekisekile kubukhona, izimpahla zezilayini zasePVC-M ziyasiza ngokuthi zingabhekisekile kubuphakeme. Ngakho-ke, isilinganiso sesilinganiso sezilayini zasePVC-M esihlanganiswe ngokwesivumelwano sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi sibizwa ngokuthi......

4.3 Izilayini zokunika amanzi zasePVC-O

Ithabuli 9 ibonisa izinkinga zokusebenza eziphathelene nezinhlangano zezilwane zokunika amanzi ezinkwa zika-PVC-O. Izinhlangano zezilwane zika-PVC-O ziyizinhlangano zezilwane zika-PVC esebenzisa isithakazelo sesikhundla sokuphatha kwezinhlangano zezilwane zika-PVC-U ngokuphatha kahle kwezinhlangano zezilwane ngokuphatha kahle kwezinhlangano zezilwane ngokuphatha kahle kwezinhlangano zezilwane ngokuphatha kahle kwezinhlangano zezilwane ngokuphatha kahle kwezinhlangano zezilwane ngokuphatha kahle kwezinhlangano zezilwane ngokuphatha kahle kwezinhlangano zezilwane ngokuphatha kahle kwezinhlangano zezilwane ngokuphatha kahle kwezinhlangano zezilwane ngokuphatha kahle kwezinhlangano zezilwane ngokuphatha kahle kwezinhlangano zezilwane ngokuphatha kahle kwezinhlangano zezilwane ngokuphatha kahle kwezinhlangano zezilwane ngokuphatha kahle kwezinhlangano zezilwane ngokuphatha kahle kwezinhlangano zezilwane ngokuphatha kahle kwezinhlangano zezilwane ngokuphatha kahle kwezinhlangano zezilwane ngokuphatha kahle kwezinhlangano zezilwane ngokuphatha kahle kwezinhlangano zezilwane ngokuphatha kahle kwezinhlangano zezilwane ngokuphatha kahle kwezinhlangano zezilwane ngokuphatha kahle kwezinhlangano zezilwane ngokuphatha kahle kwezinhlangano zezilwane ngokuphatha kahle kwezinhlangano zezilwane ngokuphatha kahle kwezinhlangano zezilwane ngokuphatha kahle kwezinhlangano zezilwane ngokuphatha kahle kwezinhlangano zezilwane ng......

Ithabuli 9: Izinkinga Zokusebenza Zezinhlangano Zezilwane Zokunika Amanzi Ezinkwa Zika-PVC-O (CJ/T 445-2014)

Qaphela: Isistructure yomlomo omnye wokugqibela okubinde kwezinkampani ayikwenzeki kumapayipi aye-PVC-O.