Kungani amafarmi angaphezulu ayishintsha kumapipa okuhlanza e-HDPE ngaphandle kwezokuhlanza e-PVC?

Kokuphela: uma ubhalisile ukusebenzisa leli sistimu yokuhlanza ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingu-5, futhi kuyadingeka ukuba libe lapho kuzobonwa yizulu, libe lapho kuzobhakwa emhlwini, nokubhala amanzi okuhlanza, izihlangu zokuhlanza ze-HDPE ziyinkimbinkimbi engabi nazo ngokujwayelekile kuloko okukhona kwezihlangu zokuhlanza ze-PVC. I-PVC ibiza ngokuphansi, ibe yincinci, futhi ibalulekile ukuthi ibuyiselwe—lokho kuyinto ekwenzayo; kodwa izinto ezimbili ezingabikho kakhulu emhlwini ziyizinto ezibizwa ngokuthi zingabikho kakhulu kwezihlangu ze-PVC—izulu elikhulu kakhulu nezihlangu zokuhlanza. Lokhu kucabanga kungabikho kakhulu; kuzoba kufokusela kumbili: indlela eya ngayo izihlangu ze-PVC zihlukana emhlwini, futhi indlela eya ngayo umhlwini omkhulu we-Thailand wahlalela izindleko zakhe emva kokuguqula kuzihlangu zokuhlanza ze-HDPE.

Kutheni kunezilinganiso phakathi kwezihlangu zokuhlanza ze-HDPE nezihlangu zokuhlanza ze-PVC?

Umbuso wokwenza uyadetermine izimo. Izihlangu ze-PVC zibhebhe kakhulu futhi zingabikho kakhulu, kodwa zibiza ngokuphansi; izihlangu ze-HDPE zibhebhe kakhulu futhi zibiza ngokuphansi kakhulu, kodwa zifaka kakhulu izinkinga eziningi ezinokubikha kumhlwini. Isitayela sokubonisa:

Izindleko zokuqhathanisa	Izihluzi zesikhumba se-PVC zokuhlanza	Amaphipe ase-irrigation ase-HDPE
Umbuso wokwenza nobunzima	Iyisikhumba esibomvu kanye nesingafanele, ishwa ngokukhawuleza uma kubhekwe noma kuthathelwe.	Iyakwenzeka ukuthi ibe yisikhumba esifanayo, isihlukile, kanye nokuthi isebenza ngokuphelele uma kubhekwe.
Ukuvikelwa kwe-UV	Uma akhozi ukuvikela, kushwa ngokukhawuleza futhi kubonakala njengokuthi kuyisikhumba uma kubhekwe emzulwini.	Igama lepipe libhekise i-formula yokuvikela ama-UV, okunika ukusebenza kwezinsuku eziningi ngaphandle kwendawo.
Ukusebenza kwezintemperatura ezingaphezulu	Kubonakala njengokuthi kuyisikhumba kuma-temperatura aphezulu kanye nokushwa ngokukhawuleza kuma-ntulo.	Kube yisikhumba esisodwa kuma-temperatura aphezulu kanye nokungashwa ngokukhawuleza kuma-ntulo.
Ukusebenza kwezintemperatura ezingaphezulu	Ukuthumela amanzi kuma-temperatura aphezulu kuzoba yinkimbinkimbi yokushwa kanye nokuguqula umfanekiso wakho.	Ukuthumela amanzi kungasebenza ngokuphelele kuma-temperatura angaphezulu kune-60℃.
Umthombo wokuxoxwa	Izihlango zihlanganiswa ngokuthi zibhukhiswa noma zihlanganiswe ngokuthi zihambisane, futhi ziyakwazi ukufuga.	Ukubhukha kwe-hot-melt ngokuhambisana, ubukhulu bezihlango akabini ngapansi kwabukhulu bezihlango zomkhumbu.
Umbhalo wendawo yekhanda nezinkinga zokuphindaphinda	Kubanzi kakhulu, kuyakwazi ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kubhekeleke	Isilwane esihlanu, ukuphindaphinda okuphansi, nokuthumula kwezindawo zokuthumula kwezindawo zokuthumula
Ukuphila Okuhleliwe	Ngokujwayelekile, kubiza izinsuku eziningi, futhi kuncane kakhulu uma kusebenzisa ngaphandle.	Yadizayinwe ukuthi ibe yisikhathi sokusebenza esingama-50 (sebenzisa izinkampani ze-PE100)
Izindlela zokusebenza zonke	Iyathuluzela ukuthi ichazwe, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi kubhekwe kabusha noma kubuyiselwe.	Iyathuluzela kakhulu kuqala, kodwa ayikho ukuthi kubhekwe kabusha kusasa.

Ngemva kokubuka itafula, uzobona iphethini: cishe zonke izinzuzo ze-HDPE zihambisana nendlela ethile i-PVC efela ngayo emhlabathini wezolimo.

Amapayipi e-PVC emhlabathini wezolimo avame ukuwa kanjani?

Noma ubani osebenza emisebenzini yokunisela uyazi ukuthi amapayipi e-PVC awavamile ukufa ngenxa yokuguga; amaningi awo ayasilela ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

• Ilimale elangeni. Imisebe ye - ultraviolet iqala ibangele ukuba ipayipi libe impuphu futhi libe mhlophe, bese kancane kancane liba libucayi, liphahlazeke kalula uma liklwebhekile. Ezindaweni ezinjengeThailand ezinelanga elinamandla unyaka wonke, amapayipi e-PVC abekwe ngaphandle ngokuvamile aqala ukuba nezinkinga ngemva kweminyaka emibili noma emithathu.
• Lonakaliswe amakhaza noma ukushisa. Ezindaweni ezibandayo zasebusika, izindonga zamapayipi eziphukile ziyaqhekeka lapho amanzi ngaphakathi eqanda; ezindaweni ezishisayo noma ezifundeni ezinamazinga okushisa asehlobo aphakeme, amapayipi athamba futhi aguquke ngemva kokuthwala amanzi ashisayo isikhathi eside.
• Ukuphuma kwakwabegile kumkhakha. I-socket eyakhiwe ngokugcina yisibonelo esincinci kuzo zonke izilayini zokuhlanza: ukugcina kufa, futhi iphayipi ikhanyisa nokuphepha ngenxa yezinguquko zokushisa. Kuzo zonke izikhathi ezine nezishumi, ukuphuma kwenziwa emhlabeni kubegile kumkhakha, futhi kubalulekile ukukhuluma ngokuphelele.
• Kwakwenzeka ukuthi kwehlwe ngokubhalwa kusolushini lwezinkulungwane. Amanzi okuhlanza aqondwa ngamazinkulungwane amathathu nezinkinga zokushisa, futhi i-PVC ekhona kulezi zinto kufa kakhulu kungezinye i-PVC ekhona emanjani engafihli.

Lezi zindlingo eziyane ziyahambisana ngokuphelele nezindlingo eziyane zezilayini zokuhlanza ze-HDPE.

Kungani izilayini zokuhlanza ze-HDPE zibalulekile kakhulu emhlabeni?

• Iyathintela i-UV. Kufakwa umthwalo wokuthintela i-UV ngokuphatha, futhi isithelo sepipe sikhona kusukela emva kwezinye izinkotho zokuvikela. Ngokulandela izivivinyo zokuvikela ngokushesha, emva kokufaka izinsuku zokubuka kwamanje ezingu-20, ubukhulu bekuphakama kwe-HDPE irrigation pipes kuyabeka ngokuphakeme kwezingu-92%; ngeminye imizamo, i-PVC ibeka kuphakeme kwezingu-65. Ubuchazimbe bukhona ngokushesha uma kubhalwa ngaphandle.
• Iyathintela ukubusa nokuthanda. Kusukela emnyakeni yomhla wokubusa we-40℃ kuze kumhla wokuthanda wezingu-60℃, i-HDPE iba phakathi kwezinhlobo zokusebenza zakhe zokuphakeme futhi akakwazi ukuba yisibhakabhaka uma kubusa noma yisilungu uma kuthanda.
• Iyaflexible futhi iyathintela ukuthintela. Uma kubhalwa emhlabeni, iyakwazi ukuzinamathela kubunzima bezwe futhi ukuzinamathela kwezinye izinqumo zezwe, futhi akakwazi ukugqila ngokuthintela kwezinsuku zokuhamba kwamanzi.
• Isilungiselelo sesikhundla esisobala kakhulu sisinga isikhundla. Ukugqamisa ngokufana kwenza amaphutha amabili asekhundleni kusenziwa njengomunye, okuvumela ukuthi ubukhulu besikhundla abangafani nabo bokuphakama kwesikhundla sokuphakama kwesiphelo. Lokhu kususa izikhundla ezingaphakamileyo zonke kwezinhlangano zezihlathi, futhi kunciphisa ngokuzenzakalela ukudlula kwamandla.
• Ngokwengeziwe, isibhakabhaka esihlanu sasikhundla sinesiphumo esingasemthwakweni: ngokufanayo kwezinhlangano zezihlathi ne-velocity yezihlathi, i-HDPE inehlangothi elincane yokuhambisa amanzi, okungaba yinkululeko eyenkulu yezindlela zokusebenzisa amandla emapumpa ngeminyaka.

Umzekelo wokuguqula: Isibonelo seNkambo Yokuguqula Kwesifazane Esikhulu eNakhon Ratchasima Province, iTayilandi

Ngaphandle kokuthi sibhali kuphela iziphakamiso, sithandaze ukubheka isibonelo. KwiNakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand, kukho indawo enkulu yokulima okuyizindlela zokulima isugarcane ne-cassava, nokuba kunezindawo zokufaka amanzi ezingu-2,000 rai (ngu-320 hectares). Umgama phakathi kwe-pumping station nezindawo eziphakeme kakhulu kude kungaphezu kwezingu-5 kilometers. Ngaphambi kokuthi kwenziwe ubushushu, leli lima lasebenzisa i-PVC main pipes okwakhiwe ngeminyaka eyi-7 noma eyi-8, abanqamuka kuma-channels ayo ovuliwe kuzo.

• Izihlango zokuhlanganisa i-PVC main pipes babegcwele, futhi izindawo zazo ezingazange zibe yisikhathi sokuphakama kwezinkanyezi. Ngomnyaka wokushisa lapho amanzi akhona kancane, izimpumpu zazikhiwa ngamashumi amabili ngomwe ngomnyaka ukuze kwenziwe ukulungisa izihlango.
• Ukugcwele kanye nokukhanya kuzo ma-channels ovuliwe kuzo kusenza ukuphakama kwamanzi kubonakaliswa, kubalulekile ukuthi izimpumpu zisebenze ngeminyaka emide ukuze kubhekwe amanzi angu-kuhlanganisa.

Ngonyaka ka-2024, ifarmi yashintsha konke ukugcina kwakho kwe-pipeline ngamapipi we-irrigation ase-HDPE aye-PE100, okungukuthi amadiameter ayisiphakathi se-DN110 kuya ku-DN250, nangokubanzi kwezingu-6 zemitha. Konke amapipi wayebhakha ngokufaka kwezinto ezihlukene (hot-melt welding) futhi wabhalwa emhlabeni, nokuphinda kuyaphinda kusuka kwezindawo eziphakathi kwezimbili zezindawo ezide kakhulu. Emva kwezinyaka zokushisa zonke ka-2025, isimo sesifundo sefarmi sasibonakalile ngokucacile:

• Ukuthumela kwamanzi akwazimisele ukudlula, isikhathi sokusebenza kwesiphambano sokuphuma kwamanzi sishintshile ngokuphansi kwe-20% kusukela kwezinyaka zezinye, futhi izindleko zekheshi ziyafanana.
• Akukho ukuzilima okungahlinzeki noma ukuchaza okuhlinzekileyo kungakhathalelwa ngokudlula kwezinyaka zokushisa—lokhu kukhona kusukela kwezinyaka zezinye ngokuphansi kwe-3 kuya ku-5 ngonyaka.
• Umphathi we-farm uyavuma ngokucacile: "Ngaphambi kwalokho, ngeminyaka yezinkanyezi, singabhekane ngenkathi esingayizwa ngokushaya kwezinkanyezi ngokuthi ipart yesikhathi siphumelela. Manje singaqeda isikhathi esifana ngezinkanyezi."

Isiphephelo senkcazelo yaleyo kuyisisekelo esingafaneleka kakhulu: izindleko zokuguqula ziyakwenzeka ngeminyaka emibili ngokuphatha kwamandla, amanzi, nokulawula, futhi izihlangu zesihlangu se-HDPE zisakhiwe ukuba zibe nendlela yokuqala yeminyaka emashumi elishumi.

Izihlangu zesihlangu se-HDPE ziyathuluzela ngalinye, kodwa kungani izindleko zezinhlelo ziyakwenzeka ngaphansi?

Nakuba izihlangu zesihlangu se-HDPE ziyathuluzela ngalimitha kunazo zesiPVC, amafarmi ayikuthenga imitha yekhanda lokushisa; bayithenga isikhundla sokunika amanzi esifanayo esizokuba sisebenza ngeminyaka emashumi emabili.

• Ukuchaphazela kwendlela yokuqala kuyizinkambo zombili kusukela ezintathu noma ngaphezu kwalokho; lapho kubhekwa ngalinye, indlela eyithuluzela kuyakwenzeka ngaphansi.
• Ukusebenza ngaphandle kokufutha, nokuphatha kwamandla nokunika amanzi kuyasebenza ngalilanga;
• Ayikho ukulawula; akukho konke okufanele kube khona kumthwalo wokugcina, amasiko, noma ukuthenga umuntu uye ukulawula izifutha ngalinye.
• Ukubakha akubhekisi: ukubakha ngokuphatha kwezinkampani kubhekisi, futhi izihlilo sezinhlobo ezincinci zingatholakala emaphakathini, bese bafika emaphakathini esikhundleni sokubakha, bengasiza ekuloadeni, ekulayisheni, nokuhoyisha.

Kuma-farm ezingaqondi kakhulu, abasebenzi basezindustria bahlala bavumela ukuthi bamenze izihlilo zezindawo zokuphatha kusukela kwezindawo zokuphatha kuya kwezindawo zokusebenza kwanoma yisiphi isikhathi, bese bamenze izihlilo zezindawo zokusebenza ngonyaka ngonyaka—lokhu ke kuyisimo sobuningi bama-farm, futhi iziphumo ziyabonakala kakhulu.

Izimpendulo eziningi zokuxoxwa ngamafarm ngamaphipe we-irrigation ase-HDPE

Umbuzo: Iziphi izinyanga zokusebenza kwezihlilo zokusebenza kwe-HDPE?

Impendulo: Izindlela zokusebenza ze-PE100 zibhekiswe ukusebenza ngeminyaka emashumi eli 50. Ngemizamo yezindawo zokubakha ngaphansi kwemhlaba ngezimo zokusebenza kanye nezinkinga zokusebenza, izinyanga ezi 20 kuya kwezi 30 ziyasebenza kakhulu. Uma kusebenziswa ngaphandle, kuvumeka ukuthi ubheke izihlilo zomhlope nezinhlobo zokuvikela kwe-UV.

Umbuzo: Ingabe ingacwiliswa ngqo emhlabathini? Ngeke yini ilimale ngenxa yomhlabathi?

A: Yebo, futhi kufanele kube yisikhumba. i-HDPE inemiphumela eminingi futhi ingakwazi ukuzinikela kubukhwekwe obuncane bokuphakama kwesibhubesi; noma ubude bakusikhumba kuyi-0.6–1 metere futhi ukuvikela izinkambu ezingavamile ngokubuyisa umhlaba, akukho mcinga wokuthi umhlaba uyabuka phansi.

U: Ingakhanyelwa kwi-PVC pipe esihlwa?

A: Yebo, kodwa kufanele usebenzise i-adapter esithile ukwenza ukuguqula; i-PVC glue ayisebenzi kwi-PE pipes. Ngokugcina izinhlobo zesi-PVC zokuhlanganisa kanye nokuxhuma ngamaphetha ngokugcina izindawo zokuguqula, kukhona isimo sokusebenzisa lezi zinhlobo.

U: i-HDPE iyisifundo sokusha kwezinhlobo zokuhlanganisa kwezinhlobo zokuhlanganisa nezinhlobo zokuhlanganisa kwezinhlobo zokuhlanganisa?

A: Yebo, iyisifundo. Yilokho okhethwayo kwezinhlobo zokuhlanganisa kwezinhlobo zokuhlanganisa nezinhlobo zokuhlanganisa kwezinhlobo zokuhlanganisa. Ukuhlanganisa kufuna ubukhulu obungatholakali futhi ubukhulu obungabiyo, futhi i-HDPE inomphakathi osheshayo ongahlanjwa ngokushesha futhi ibe yisifundo sokuhlukanisa ukuphakama kwezinhlobo zokuhlanganisa.

U: Uyenza njani ukuthi ubheke ubukhulu? Ngiyabafuna ukuthi ngizokuthenga amasonto ayesekwe.

A: Sibonele amasimbuwe ase-PE100/PE80 kanye nezibhalo ezikwicala lepipe (isistandare sokusebenza, SDR, ubukhulu becali); vula yena ukuze ubheke ukuthi umphakathi wawo uyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokufanana; bheka ukuthi iziflangi ziyafanana ngokuphatha kwesikhathi sokubamba. Ukuthenga izipipe zezindiza zokuzisa kuphela ukusika imali kuzoba yinkululeko ekugcineni eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu emlandweni.

Ngokwesikhatsi

Akukho impendulo esistandare xa kuyaselekwa izipipe zokuhlanza, kodwa lapha kukho indaba yokunquma: kumazwe okuphambili kanye neziprojekthi eziphansi kwezinsuku, izipipe ezincane ziyakwanele; kuzo zonke izisitemu zokuhlanza ezilandelwe kwezinsuku eziningi kunezinsuku ezishumi, ukuthenga izipipe zokuhlanza ze-HDPE ngokuzenzakalela kuzoba yimpilo yakho yokuqala. Ngaphambi kokuthenga, ubiza umnisi wokuthenga ukuthi athe amasampuli amabili, uzibeke emhlaleni kanye nokuvula kwezinsuku zokuphambili—impendulo iyakubiza ngokwakho.