Ukuthi yini indlela yokubhekisa ukuthi isikhungo sezinyawo ziyasebenza ngokuphelele futhi ukuthi izihlangothi ziyasebenza ngokuphelele?

Isiqondiso sokufanana kwezihlangothi nezihlangothi zokugcina ukuthi izikhungo sezinyawo zisebenze ngokuphelele

Ukugcina ngokuphelele kuyisisekelo sokubhekisa ukuthi izikhungo sezinyawo zisebenza ngokuphelele futhi zibophelele. Isikhungo sezihlangothi singasebenza kuphela ngokuphelele uma izihlangothi, izihlangothi zokugcina, indlela yokubhola, nokuthi izimo zokusebenza ziyafanana ngokuphelele.

Izintempelature, iipresha, ukufanana kwezilwane, isidingo sezihlangothi, isimo sesayithi, nokuthi ubhola buphakanyiswa konke kubangela ukuthi ukugcina kusebenze ngokuphelele. Ukuziqonda lezi zinto kusiza abasebenzi basebenzi nabasebenzi bakugcina ukukhetha izihlangothi ezifanele futhi ukwenza izikhungo sezinyawo ezinamandla kumazinyawo, amakhemikhali, amasitimi, amahydrocarbons, noma zinye izilwane zokusebenza kwezindustria.

Ukukhetha izihlangothi ezifanele kwezikhungo sezinyawo

Ukukhetha izihlangothi kufanele kubegine ngokwesimo sokusebenza. Izintempelature, iipresha, ukuthi izilwane ziyakhuluma kanjani, ukufanana kwamakhemikhali, nokuthi kuzobhekwa ukuthi kuzosebenza kanjani konke kubangela ukuthi izihlangothi zisebenze ngokuphelele.

Izinkulungwane zokusebenza ngokwezinye zezinto ezihlukene nezinkulungwane zokusebenza ngokwezinye zezinto ezihlukene ziyasebenzisa kakhulu izinkulungwane zokusebenza ngokwezinye zezinto ezihlukene nezinkulungwane zokusebenza ngokwezinye zezinto ezihlukene, kodwa ukuthi zizokhathazeka ngezinto zokusebenza ngokwezinye zezinto ezihlukene nezinkulungwane zokusebenza ngokwezinye zezinto ezihlukene kuyahlukahluka. I-PTFE inika ukuthi izinkulungwane zokusebenza ngokwezinye zezinto ezihlukene ziyasebenzisa kakhulu uma kunezinto zokusebenza ngokwezinye zezinto ezihlukene ezinamandla. Izinkulungwane ezisebenzisa i-graphite zingahlukeka ukuthi ziyasebenza kakhulu kumahhala okuphakeme, ngakho-ke izinkulungwane zokusebenza ngokwezinye zezinto ezihlukene ziyasebenzisa kakhulu lapho kunezinkinga zokusebenza ngokwezinye zezinto ezihlukene nezinkinga zokusebenza ngokwezinye zezinto ezihlukene zokuthi ziyasebenza kakhulu kumahhala okuphakeme nokuthi ziyasebenza kakhulu kumahhala okuphakeme.

Izinkulungwane eziyisisekelo sokusebenza ngokwezinye zezinto ezihlukene kodwa azikwazi ukusebenza kumahhala okuphakeme kungafanele ukuthi zilungile kakhulu. Ngokufanayo, izinkulungwane eziyisisekelo sokusebenza ngokwezinye zezinto ezihlukene kungafanele ukuthi ziyisisekelo sokusebenza ngokwezinye zezinto ezihlukene zokusebenza ngokwezinye zezinto ezihlukene.

Ngalesi simo, ukukhetha izinkulungwane kufanele kubhekiswe umahhala okuphakeme wokusebenza, ubunzima bokusebenza, ukuthi izinkulungwane ziyisisekelo sokusebenza ngokwezinye zezinto ezihlukene, isitha sokuqondisa, nokuthi umthengisi uyavuma ukuthi izinkulungwane ziyisisekelo sokusebenza ngokwezinye zezinto ezihlukene kodwa akufanele ukubhekiswe kuphela kusitha sokuqondisa.

Izitha zokuqondisa: RF, FF, ne-RTJ

Ukubhala kwe-flange kunezimpikiswano zokugcina ngokugcina kwe-gasket nokugcina kwesikhungo se-pipe fitting.

Ukubhala okuphakanyisiwe (RF) ama-flange ane-surface esikhungo esiphakanyisiwe sokugcina esibeka ubukhulu bokubhala kusikhungo se-gasket. Abasetyenziswa kakhulu emisebenzini yamapiping ethu kanye nabafana nezinhlobo zezigaba zokubhala nezinhlobo zemithambo.

Ukubhala olulahlile (FF) ama-flange ane-surface esikhungo esilahlile kusikhungo se-flange. Bayaselekthwa kakhulu kumasevisi apho ukubhala okuphakade kwe-bolt kungabangela ukuthi kuhlelwe isikhungo, kusukela kuzinhlobo zokubhala zemipiping nezimali zomphathi.

Ukubhala we-Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) ama-flange abhala amagroove athathelwe ngemashini ne-gasket yametal. Lokhu kubhekiswe kumasevisi apho ukubhala kwe-high-pressure kanye nokubhala kwe-high-temperature apho ama-flange, ama-gasket, kanye nezinhlobo zokubhala zihlanganiswe njengesikhungo esisodwa.

Ukubaluleka kwezinyathelo zokugcina kuyisisekelo sokuthi isikhumba sifanele. Amasheku, ukuphatha kwemithi, amaphutha, ukuguqula kwesikhumba, noma ukungafanele kungabangela ukuthi isikhumba asigcine ngendlela efanele futhi kungabangela ukuthi kushele umkhondo. Ukugcina okufanele kuyiphakade kwezinyathelo zokugcina nokuthi isikhumba sifanele, ngakho ke kufanele ukuthi sisebenzise isistanda esifanele nokuthi isikhumba sifanele ngokwesibonelo sesikhumba.

Ukukhanya kwezinyathelo zokugcina ne-ukuthintana kwezinyathelo zokugcina

Ukukhanya kuyizindlela zokuzimisa izinyathelo zokugcina, ngakho ke ukuthintana kwezinyathelo zokugcina kuyizindlela zokuzimisa izinyathelo zokugcina ezihlukaniswe ngokwesikhumba. Laba babili bahlukahluka, kodwa ukukhanya kubhekene nesikhumba sokuzimisa emazini noma emhlabeni wokuzimisa izinyathelo zokugcina.

Lokhu kuyisibonelo sokuthi ukuzimisa izinyathelo zokugcina ngokwesikhumba akuyiyo yilona kuphela lokho okufanele ukwenziwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthintana okufanele kwezinyathelo zokugcina. Ukuzimisa izinyathelo zokugcina, ukuthi amazini ayisikhumba, ukuthi izinyathelo zokugcina ziyisikhumba, ukugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina, nokuthi ukuzimisa izinyathelo zokugcina kuyisikhumba kungahlinzeka konke lokho okuhlinzeka phakathi kokukhanya nokuthintana.

Ukungafanisi kwezibhamu zokubhonta kungabangela ukuthi isikhumba sisebenze ngokungafanele futhi sivumelela ukufuya, ikakhulu lapha isistimu isebenza ngemiphumela yezinqamulelo zokuphefumula noma ukuguqula kwesikhathi sokugcina. Ukubhonta kwezibhamu ngaphezulu kungahlela ukuvulwa kwesikhumba, ukuguqula kwesifunda, noma ukuphikisa izimali zokuxhumana.

Ukuqondiswa kokuxhumana kwezinhlobo zokuhamba kuyadinga isimo esihlukile sokubhonta kwezibhamu esiyindaba yesisifunda, isikhumba, izibhamu, nokuthembekile kwezidingo zokujonga .

Ukubhonta Ngamaphuzu Ngamaphuzu Ukufaka Isikhumba Ngokulinganayo

Isilungiselelo sokubhonta kwezifunda kukuthi sibhale isikhumba ngokulinganayo kakhulu kusifunda sokuxhumana.

Emva kokufaka isikhumba futhi ukubhekana kwezifunda, izibhamu ziyofakwa ngokwesibonelo futhi ziyobhontwa ngokushesha kuqala. Ukubhonta okugcina kwenza ngokulinganayo kwezifunda noma ngomdlalo oshicilelwe kuzifunda zokuxhumana.

Kukhuseleka kwezinkinga eziningi kungasebenzisa ukuthi kufinye kwezinkinga zokugcina eziyisizathu sokubuyela kuqondile kwesilinganiso sokulingana kwesikhumba. Umsebenzi wokugcina ungasebenzisa izigaba eziningi ngaphandle kokuthi kwenziwe ngokuphelele isilinganiso sokulingana ngokuphelele. Emva kokufinye kuqondile kwesilinganiso, kungasebenzisa ukuchekwa kwesilinganiso sokugcina kwezinkambo zokuzinga noma kwezinkambo zokuhlanganisa ngokwesilinganiso esisebenzayo.

Umgqa wokugcina nokulingana kungafanele kubhekwa njengamathuba ayo yonke. Amazwi okugcina kwezikhumba, izindlela zokugcina kwezinkambo, izimboni zokulingana kwezikhumba, izimo zokugcina, nezindlela zokusebenza kwezinhlangano kufanele kubhekwe njengamathuba okugcina okuphelele.

Izimbalwa Zokugcina Kwezikhumba

Nakho uma isikhumba sikhethwe ngokuphelele, singasemthola ukuthi sifuna ukugcina ngokuphelele uma kungabhekwa ngokuphelele. Izingxenye ezintathu zokugcina ziyizimbalwa: ukugcina ngokuphelele, ukungalingani kwezinkambo, nokugcina kabili kwezikhumba.

Isimbalwa Sokugcina	Kungani Kusenza Izimbalwa	Umsebenzi Osho
Ukugcina Ngokuphelele	Ukufaka izinto eziningi kakhulu kungakwazi ukuvula okanye ukubeka isibonelo esingavali ngokuphambuka.	Landela izimfuneko zokufaka isibonelo nezinkampani zokufaka izinkampani.
Ukungafani kweziflange	Ukungafani kokuhlanganisa kwenza ukuthi isibonelo sifakwe ngokungafani futhi kungabika izindlela zokuvula.	Hlanganisa iziflange kabefore ukugcina ngokuphelele.
Ukufaka amasibonelo amabili	Amasibonelo amabili angakwazi ukunquma ngendlela efanele futhi angakwazi ukwenza indawo engaqondi.	Susa isibonelo sesihlo futhi ufake isibonelo esisodwa nesilinganiso esifanele.

Ngaphambi kokufakwa, iziflange ziyofanele ukuzibonwa nokuchithwa. Isibonelo sesihlo, ubhubesi, izinto zokuvula, nezinye izinto ezingavali ziyofanele ukususwa ngaphandle kokuvula isibonelo sokuvula.

Ukuzivula nokubonisa ukuthi izihlanganisi zezilayini zizivula

Emva kokugqibela, isistimu sokuphakama kungadinga ukuzimisa okanye ukuzilungiselela ngokwesikodi sokuphakama esisebenzayo, isiphekelo sesiprojekthi, nokunqula kwesikhundla.

Ukuzimisa ngokwesifuba kusebenzisa isifuba, okunjalo amanzi, ukuphakama isistimu futhi ukubonisa ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele. Kusetyenziswa kakhulu emizini yezimpahla zokuphakama ngoba kungena kwezindlela zokubona ukuphakama okungafanele futhi ukubonisa ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele.

Kodwa, ukuzimisa ngokwesifuba akasemthethwe ukubona konke ukuphakama okungafanele okuncane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izinhlanganiselo ezithile zidinga izindlela ezingaphansi zokubona ukuphakama.

Ukubhalisa umbala wehelium yindlela efanele kakhulu yokubhalisa umbala wesifuba esebenzisa isifuba sokubhalisa umbala ukuze kubonwe noma kubhaliswe ukuphakama okuncane kakhulu. Kungaba yindlela efanele kakhulu emizini yezifuba, izinhlanganiselo zokuphatha ngokuphelele, noma izikhundla apho ukuphakama okuncane kakhulu kuyisibonelo sokusebenza.

Indlela yokuzama ephakamileyo iyinkimbinkimbi kubonakala ngokwesifunda sezinto zokugqogqwa, ukulungiswa kwesistimu, umsindo wokusebenza, imiphumela yokuphepha, nokuthi kuyizipropozisheni zomsebenzi. Ngoko ke, ukuzama ngokwezilwanyana nezindlela zokufunda izihluku ezinamandla kufanele zibonakale njengamathuba okuhlanganisa, akani ngamathuba okuguqula.

Izinqumbu Ezinconywa Ukuthi Zihlale Ziqinisekiswe Ngeminyaka

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izithuthi zezilwanyana zihlale ziqinisekiswe kubhekisele kusendleleni esiyinhloko yazo, akani kusenhlangothini kuphela. Iminyaka yezilwanyana, isimo sezinye izinyathelo, ubuchwepheshe bezinye izinyathelo, ubuchwepheshe bezibholti, ubuchwepheshe bezibholti, ukulinganisa, isimo sesikhumba, nokusebenza kwesikhathi sokusebenza kuzo konke kuzokwenza isiphumo.

Ukudlula kwesikhathi sokushisa kungasiza ekutheni kwezinye izinyathelo zokudlula kwezinye izinyathelo. Iziqu zokupressa kungasiza ekutheni kwezinye izinyathelo zokudlula kwezinye izinyathelo. Ukubhalwa kwesikhathi sokushisa kungasiza ekutheni kwezinye izinyathelo zokudlula kwezinye izinyathelo uma ubuchwepheshe ababikho ngokuphelele nesikhathi sokusebenza.

Ngoko zokusebenza eziphambili, abalungisi kufanele bahlombe isiphakamiso sokugqamisa kwelinye ngokuphelele kodwa akubanga ukuthi igasket ibe yini kuphela nge-temperature noma nge-pressure. Ukubhekana kahle nokubonakaliswa kwezinto, ukuzinikela kahle, ukubonakalisa, nokuzimiswa kahle kuyenza ukuthi kungabhekiswe kakhulu ukukhupha nokuzinikela okungasemthethweni.

Ukukhetha igasket ngokwesikhundla esihlukileyo sesikhombisa umkhakha

Akukho igasket eyodwa eyenzeka yonke isikhundla sesikhombisa umkhakha. Ukusebenza kwezilwane zokudla kungadinga isilwane esihlukileyo kunokusebenza kwezilwane zokuhamba, futhi ukusebenza kwezilwane zokuvula ezinkulu kungadinga izinto ezinokudala ukuthi zibe yizinhlobo zokugqamisa emaphakathini amaningi.

Umsebenzi wokukhetha kufanele ubhekisele ku-:

• Isikhundla sokusebenza nokubhekana kahle nezilwane

• Ukulinganisa okuphelele nokuncane kwezilinganiso zokusebenza

• Ukulinganisa kwezinhlobo nokusebenza

• Isikhundla sokugqamisa nokubhabha

• Ukubakwa kwegasket nokubhabha

• Isilwane sokubhota nokubhekana kahle nokunqumla

• Ukubhala kwezinkulungwane zokugcina nokubhala kwezinkulungwane zokuphefumula

• Izistandadu zokusebenza ngokufanayo nezindlela zokusebenza zomthwalo wokwenza

Kumaqondiso amakhulu, kufanele ukubonakaliswa imininingwane yokuhambisana nokubhalwa kwezindaba zokuthenga kabefore ukuthi isigashi sithengwe.

Imibuzo eyingaphezulu mayelana nokuhambisana kweziflangi nezisigashi

Izinto ziphi ezingavumela ukukhetha umkhakha wesigashi?

Ukukhetha isigashi kuyaphenduka kakhulu ngokwesikhathi sokusebenza, isikhathi sokusebenza, ubunzima, isimo sesiflangi, nezimo zokusebenza ezizoyishaya. Kufanele kubhekwe futhi ukuhambisana kwemakhemikhali nezindlela zokusebenza zomthwalo wokwenza.

Izinhlobo zeziflangi zokubhala ziziphi?

Izinhlobo zeziflangi zokubhala eziphakeme kakhulu ziyincwadi yeziflangi ephakeme (RF), incwadi yeziflangi efanayo (FF), neziflangi zokubhala ngokwesikhombisa (RTJ). Indlela yokuqhubeka yezinhlobo zonke iyiyo iyahlinzekile kanye nezisigashi neziflangi ezifanele.

Ngani ubunzima bokubhala kwebholti buyisisekelo sokubhala kweziflangi?

Ukubamba kwe-bolt kwenza umthelela wokugcina owudingekayo ukuthi igasket ibe yisibonelo esihlukene kumaphakathi okufakwa. Ukubamba okungafanele kungaholela ekukhishoneni, futhi ukubamba okuphakade kungaholela ekuvuleni igasket noma iflange.

Izimboni zokufaka igasket zingaphi?

Izinkinga eziphikisana ziyinkimbinkimbi, ukungalingani kwe-flange, izinyathelo zokugcina ezivuliwe, ukuthi kubhekwe ngokungafanele, izinhlamvu zegasket ezingafanele, nokufaka igasket kabili. Ukufollowa indlela yokufaka eyodwa kusiza ukunciphisa lezi zinkinga.

Ukuzama kwe-hydrostatic kuyinto eyodwa ukuthi kubonwe konke okukhishoneni kwemithombo yamapipes?

Cha. Ukuzama kwe-hydrostatic kusetyenziswa kakhulu ukuthi kubonwe ukuthi ipressure iyasebenza kahle futhi ukuthi kubonwe ukukhishonela okukhulu. Izindlela ezingenabizo elikhulu zokubona ukukhishonela kungadinga izindlela ezingaphansi njenge-ukuzama kwe-tracer-gas.

Lapho ukuzama kwe-helium kuyasebenza kangakanani?

Ukusebenzisa ukuthi isithombe se-helium sikhulu kubalulekile kakhulu xa kufuneka kutholwe okukhulu kokugcina okungafanele noma kutholwe ngokucacile, njengoko kwenza kwe-vacuum, kwezinto eziphakeme kakhulu, noma kwezinye izinkimbinkimbi ezibalulekile. Akukho mhlawumbi okufuneka kwenziwa kuzo zonke izihlangothi zokugqamisa izihlangothi zokugqamisa.

Isiphetho

Ukuhlanganisa izihlangothi zokugqamisa ngokuphelele kubalulekile kunezidingo zokukhetha isihlangothi esinamandla okuhlanza isikhathi. Izinkinga zokuhlanganisa isihlangothi, ukubonakala kwesihlangothi, imbono yephepha, ukuphakanyiswa kwemibhobho, ukulungiswa, indlela yokufaka, nokuzwela kufuneka zihlanganise.

Ngokukhetha izinkimba ngokwempilo yezindlela zokusebenza kanye nokusebenzisa izindlela zokuhlanganisa izihlangothi ezihloniphekile, abasebenzi basebenzi nabasebenzi bakususa izinkinga zokugcina futhi bavusele ubukhulu bekugcina. Kwezinhlangano zokugqamisa ezibalulekile, izinkinga zokugcina, ukuphakanyiswa kwezimbhobho, nokuzwela kufuneka ziqondiswe ngokuphelele ngokwesifundo sokugqamisa, isifundo sesiprojekthi, nokumelwa kwezinhlangano zokuprodukha.